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The Roundhouse is a performing arts and concert venue situated at the Grade II * listed former railway engine shed in Chalk Farm, London, England. It was originally built in 1847 by the London and North Western Railway as a roundhouse, a circular building containing a railway turntable, but was only used for this purpose for about a decade. After being used as a warehouse for a number of years, the building fell into disuse just before the Second World War. It reopened twenty-five years later, in 1964, as a performing arts venue, when the playwright Arnold Wesker established the Centre 42 Theatre Company and adapted the building as a theatre.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The history of Roundhouse )〕 This large circular structure has hosted various promotions, such as the launch of the underground paper ''International Times'' in 1966,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Archive 1966–1986 )〕 The Doors' only UK appearance in 1968,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Doors: The Doors Are Open – The Roundhouse, London (1968) )〕 and the Greasy Truckers Party in 1972.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=The Greasy Truckers Party (1972) )〕 The Greater London Council ceded control of the building to the Camden London Borough Council in 1983. By that time, Centre 42 had run out of funds and the building remained unused until a local businessman purchased the building in 1996 and performing arts shows returned. It was closed again in 2004 for a multi-million pound redevelopment. On 1 June 2006, the Argentine show ''Fuerzabruta'' opened at the new Roundhouse.〔 Since 2006, Roundhouse has hosted the BBC Electric Proms〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=About Electric Proms )〕 and numerous iTunes Festivals,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=About the iTunes Festival )〕 as well as award ceremonies such as the BT Digital Music Awards and the Vodafone Live Music Awards.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The 2006 Vodafone Live Music Awards )〕 In 2009, Bob Dylan performed a concert, and iTunes promoted a music iTunes Festival, at the venue. In line with the continuing legacy of avant-garde productions, No Fit State Circus performed ''Tabu'' during which the audience were encouraged to move around the performance space. ==History== The Roundhouse was built in 1846 as a turntable engine shed (or roundhouse) for the London and Birmingham Railway, and was known as the Great Circular Engine House, or the Luggage Engine House.〔Francis Whishaw, ''Railways of Great Britain and Ireland'', p. 39, (online )〕 The original building was built by Branson & Gwyther, using designs by architects Robert B. Dockray and Robert Stephenson. Within ten years locomotives became too long for the building to accommodate, and the Roundhouse was used for various other purposes. The longest period of use (50 years, beginning in 1871) was as a bonded store for Gin distillers W & A Gilbey Ltd. In 1964 the premises were transferred to Centre 42, which prepared a scheme to convert the building into "a permanent cultural centre with a theatre, cinema, art gallery and workshops, committee rooms for local organisations, library, youth club and restaurant dance-hall". This was estimated to cost between £300,000 and £600,000 (£}}–}} in ), and was supported by "well-known actors, playwrights, authors, musicians and others".〔 In 1966 the Roundhouse became an arts venue, after the freehold was taken up by the then new Greater London Council. On 15 October 1966 Soft Machine and Pink Floyd appeared at the launch of the underground newspaper ''International Times'' (''IT''). During the next decade the building became a significant venue for UK Underground music events ''Middle Earth'' and ''Implosion''. Many of these were hosted and promoted by Jeff Dexter. Other bands playing at the Roundhouse during this period included Gass, The Rolling Stones, Jeff Beck, The Yardbirds, Zoot Money's Dantalian's Chariot, David Bowie, The Sinceros, Jimi Hendrix, Pink Floyd,〔 Led Zeppelin, The Incredible String Band, The Doors with Jefferson Airplane, Ramones, The Clash, Elkie Brooks, and Motörhead, who appeared at the Roundhouse on 20 July 1975. The building was used in 1996 to film the promotional video for the Manic Street Preachers' single "A Design for Life" prior to the start of redevelopment. Promotional videos for the singles "Handbags and Gladrags" by Stereophonics (2001), and "Burn Burn" by Lostprophets (2003), were also filmed there. The Roundhouse has also been used for theatre, and has had two periods of theatrical glory, with musicals such as ''Catch My Soul'' (1969). Under administrator George Hoskins, the first phase also featured experimental theatre productions, such as the Living Theatre production of ''1776'' and other plays directed by Peter Brook. The once controversial nude revue ''Oh! Calcutta!'' opened in July 1970,〔 and started a run of nearly four thousand performances in London. The Greater London Council passed the building to the Camden London Borough Council in 1983, and it was closed as a venue due to lack of funds. The building lay empty until it was purchased for £6m (£}} in ) in 1996 by the Norman Trust led by the philanthropist Torquil Norman. In 1998 he set up the ''Roundhouse Trust'' and led its redevelopment, with a board of trustees which included musicians Bob Geldof and Suggs, and ''Monty Python'' writer Terry Gilliam. The venue opened for a two-year period to raise awareness and funds for a redevelopment scheme, with former Battersea Arts Centre director Paul Blackman as its director. Shows promoted at this time included the Royal National Theatre's ''Oh, What a Lovely War!'', dancer Michael Clark's comeback performance, percussion extravaganza ''Stomp'', Ken Campbell's twenty-four-hour-long show ''The Warp'' and the Argentine De La Guarda's ''Villa Villa''〔 which ran for a year, becoming the venue's longest running show, ending when the building was closed for redevelopment. The website dance.com, commenting on the redevelopment project, said: The renovated Roundhouse, designed by architects John McAslan & Partners in association with engineering company Buro Happold,〔 reopened on 1 June 2006, promoting ''Fuerzabruta''. Since 1996 the renovations had cost £27m (£}} in ).〔 In 2008, Michael Boyd, artistic director of the Royal Shakespeare Company, transferred his RSC Histories Cycle to the Roundhouse, rearranging the performing space to match the Courtyard Theatre in Stratford upon Avon, where the cycle had first been staged.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=RSC The Histories )〕 On 31 March 2009, the charitable circus group No Fit State began presenting ''Tabu'',〔 utilising the open space at the Roundhouse.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Theatregoers’ Choice Awards. List of shows )〕 On 26 April 2009, Bob Dylan and his band performed at the Roundhouse as part of his 2009 UK tour, and in July 2009 the iTunes Music Festival (supported by Apple Computer) was held at the venue. In January 2010, the Roundhouse introduced contemporary classical music to its events repertoire when it hosted the ''Reverb'' festival, which included performances by the London Contemporary Orchestra, the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment, The Magnets, Nico Muhly, Sam Amidon and the Britten Sinfonia. For the September 2015 Apple Music Festival, Apple announced an environmental makeover gift for the venue: "making major upgrades to the lighting, plumbing, and HVAC systems; installing recycling and composting bins… offering reusable water bottles instead of plastic ones… to reduce the Roundhouse’s annual carbon emissions by 60 tons, save 60,000 gallons of water a year, and divert more than 1,600 kilograms of waste from landfills".〔http://www.applemusicfestival.com/faq〕〔http://www.businessinsider.com/apple-gives-roundhouse-eco-friendly-makeover-apple-music-festival-2015-9〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Roundhouse (venue)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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